{"id":5675,"date":"2008-03-31T09:49:08","date_gmt":"2008-03-31T06:49:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baskinoran.com\/?p=5675"},"modified":"2021-03-31T10:00:24","modified_gmt":"2021-03-31T07:00:24","slug":"cenevre-tribune-de-geneve-gazetesi-ile-roportaj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baskinoran.com\/en\/cenevre-tribune-de-geneve-gazetesi-ile-roportaj\/","title":{"rendered":"Cenevre, Tribune de Geneve Gazetesi ile R\u00f6portaj"},"content":{"rendered":"

-Y a-t-il un rapport de cause \u00e0 effet entre la guerre que m\u00e8ne actuellement la Turquie contre la gu\u00e9rilla kurde en Irak et l\u2019identit\u00e9 nationale turque? Si oui, le(s)quel(s) ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oui. Le PKK defend, et a main armee, une identite ethnique kurde bien distincte, tandis que l\u2019identite turque met l\u2019accent sur une identite ethnique turque ou au moins sur une identite subjective qui se reclame etre turque (\u201cHeureux qui dit: Je suis un Turc\u201d- M.K. Atat\u00fcrk). C\u2019est la guerre des deux identites nationalistes.<\/p>\n

-En quoi l\u2019obsession de la d\u00e9fense de l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 territoriale turque et l\u2019obsession de la d\u00e9fense de l\u2019identit\u00e9 turque sont-elles indissociables ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019integrite indivisible de la nation \u00bb est une assertion etrangere a l\u2019Europe car une nation indivisible revient a dire que l\u2019Etat refuse de reconna\u00eetre les infra-identites (identites des minorites, etc.), ce qui revient a dire que la democratie n\u2019existe pas. Mais la defense de \u00ab l\u2019integrite indivisible territoriale \u00bb est une \u00ab obsession \u00bb facile a comprendre pour tous pays. En avec-vous jamais vu, a part la Tchekoslovakie ou les parties avaient d\u2019autres chats a fouetter, un qui veuille se diviser ?<\/p>\n

Ceci dit, le cas turc est beaucoup plus accentue. D\u2019abord, la Turquie contemporaine n\u2019est qu\u2019une portion minime de ce qu\u2019etait l\u2019Empire ottoman. Puis, pour des raisons multiples le pays est en proie a la Paranoia de Sevres qui crie au loup : 1) \u00ab Les Islamistes vont nous faire couvrir la tete ! \u00bb ; 2) \u00ab Les Kurdes et les imperialistes vont encore diviser notre pays ! \u00bb.<\/p>\n

-Pouvez-vous nous expliquer cette \u00ab parano\u00efa du trait\u00e9 de S\u00e8vres \u00bb ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sevres 1920 etait le traite impitoyable impose par les imperialismes Anglais et Fran\u00e7ais pour demembrer l\u2019Empire ottoman. Il etait d\u2019une vehemence incomparable. A ce point que, non seulement il est reste caduc (non-applique) mais il a aussi dialectiquement cree les conditions de la guerre d\u2019independance qui a cree la Turquie moderne (1923).<\/p>\n

La psychologie sociale nefaste construite par ce traite est restructuree a partir de la fin de 2004, et en crescendo. Raisons: 1) Reaction a la globalization, symbolisee par l\u2019Union Europeenne (reactions aux reformes tres radicales effectues en hate entre 2001-2004 en vue de la candidature). 2) Reaction a la renaissance islamique. 3) Raison principale: une peur bleue des trois zombies: l\u2019\u0130slam, la question armenienne, la question kurde. Depuis 1915 nulle solution n\u2019a ete apportee a ces problemes principales de la Turquie. Maintenant ils sortent du placard tous en meme temps. 4) Enfin, la crainte des elites kemalistes soucieux de garder leurs privileges, extremement paniques devant l\u2019interpretation contemporaine du fameux dicton d\u2019Atat\u00fcrk: \u201cNotre but est d\u2019atteindre le niveau de la civilisation contemporaine<\/strong>\u201d. Pour eux ce niveau reste malheureusement celui de l\u2019Europe des 1920 ve 30.<\/p>\n

Pourtant, et tres dialectiquement, les reformes pluralistes des 2001-2004 ne sont que la mise a jour des reformes kemalistes des annees monistes 20 ve 30. -Concernant les 12 millions de Kurdes de Turquie, des droits culturels leur ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9s mais ils restent limit\u00e9s : l\u2019Etat turc estime-t-il qu\u2019accorder des droits sp\u00e9cifiques aux Kurdes constitue une menace pour son int\u00e9grit\u00e9? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Oui. Malheureusement. Les kemalistes d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui ne sont pas aussi contemporaines que les kemalistes des annees 20 et 30.<\/p>\n

– Les autres minorit\u00e9s ethniques et religieuses sont-elles confront\u00e9es aux m\u00eames difficult\u00e9s que les Kurdes ? Sont-elles \u00e9galement consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des ennemis potentiels de l\u2019Etat ? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Exactement. L\u2019Etat turc est tres egalitaire: Il aneantit tout infra-identite confrontant l\u2019identite \u201cturque\u201d, et sans discrimination. Mais qe\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est que l\u2019identite turque?<\/p>\n

L\u2019identite turque n\u2019est pas seulement ethnique. Elle est aussi religieuse malgre le caractere tres laic de la Republique. Turc veut dire Turc-Musulman<\/strong>. Ouvrez le Petit Larousse Illustre: \u201cSe faire Turc=Devenir Musulman. Dans les Balkans et le Moyen Orient l\u2019identite nationale se definit surtout par la religion et meme par la confession. C\u2019est pourquoi l\u2019Etat turc est aussi severe contre les non-Musulmans non-armes que contre les Kurdes armes, bien que les premiers soient tres bien proteges par le Traite de Lausanne de 1923, articles 37-44. Un Turc blanc (WASP) est un LAHASUMUT=HA<\/strong>nefi, SU<\/strong>nni, MU<\/strong>sulman, Turc, a condition d\u2019etre LA<\/strong>ic.<\/p>\n

Cette definition aujourd\u2019hui reflete tres fidelement la mentalite du \u201cSysteme de Millet\u201d de 1454 (ici, \u201cmillet\u201d veut dire \u201ccommunaute religieuse\u201d et non pas \u201cnation\u201d) qui divisait la societe ottomane en deux: \u201cMillet-i Hakime\u201d (nation dominante, les Musulmans) et \u201cMillet-i Mahkume\u201d (nations dominees, les non-Musulmans). D\u2019ou, le meutre de H.Dink et des autres non-Musulmans.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Quelle solution proposez-vous pour que la Turquie r\u00e8gle ses probl\u00e8mes d\u2019identit\u00e9 ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Il faut que les citoyens puissent devoiler leurs infra-identites sans aucune crainte: kurde, non-musulman, etc. Ces libertes ne doivent pas comprendre que les Kurdes. 2) Cela faisant, il ne faut pas toucher aux symboles: l\u2019Etat unitaire, l\u2019hymne national, le nom du pays, la langue officielle, etc. Car \u201cbattre le vigneron\u201d est au detriment de \u201cmanger le raisin\u201d. 3) Pour resoudre le probleme kurde il faut: a) Ouvrir simultanement deux paquets sans attendre que la terreur PKK se termine: economique et culturel; b) Declarer une amnestie generale dans le sens que toute penalisation sera poursuivie d\u2019un sursis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

-Y a-t-il un rapport de cause \u00e0 effet entre la guerre que m\u00e8ne actuellement la Turquie contre la gu\u00e9rilla kurde en Irak et l\u2019identit\u00e9 nationale turque? Si oui, le(s)quel(s) ? Oui. Le PKK defend, et a main armee, une identite ethnique kurde bien distincte, tandis que l\u2019identite turque met l\u2019accent sur une identite ethnique turque […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[102],"class_list":["post-5675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-interviews","tag-2008-en"],"yoast_head":"\nCenevre, Tribune de Geneve Gazetesi ile R\u00f6portaj - Bask\u0131n Oran<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/baskinoran.com\/en\/cenevre-tribune-de-geneve-gazetesi-ile-roportaj\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cenevre, Tribune de Geneve Gazetesi ile R\u00f6portaj - Bask\u0131n Oran\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"-Y a-t-il un rapport de cause \u00e0 effet entre la guerre que m\u00e8ne actuellement la Turquie contre la gu\u00e9rilla kurde en Irak et l\u2019identit\u00e9 nationale turque? Si oui, le(s)quel(s) ? Oui. 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