{"id":5581,"date":"2010-09-15T09:42:43","date_gmt":"2010-09-15T06:42:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baskinoran.com\/?p=5581"},"modified":"2021-03-30T10:05:54","modified_gmt":"2021-03-30T07:05:54","slug":"mouradian-decoding-turkeys-yes-to-constitutional-amendments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baskinoran.com\/en\/mouradian-decoding-turkeys-yes-to-constitutional-amendments\/","title":{"rendered":"Mouradian: Decoding Turkey\u2019s \u2018Yes\u2019 to Constitutional Amendments"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Journalists, political analysts, historians, and activists discuss the implications of the vote with the Armenian Weekly.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On Sept. 12, Turkey voted in favor of constitutional amendments that could usher in an array of reforms and further curb the influence of the military. The 58 percent \u201cyes\u201d vote was touted as a victory for Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan\u2019s Justice and Development Party (AKP) ahead of the General Elections of 2011 and the Presidential Elections of 2012. But that\u2019s the short\u2014and oversimplified\u2014version of the story.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5582\" src=\"http:\/\/baskinoran.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Mouradian-Decoding-Turkeys-\u2018Yes-to-Constitutional-Amendments.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">The CHP Headquarters in Ankara. The party was opposed to the constitutional amendments. (Photo: Armenian Weekly)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>No more excuses<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cOnce again the opposition underestimated the strength of AKP. This result exceeds the most optimistic forecasts for a \u2018yes\u2019 vote. The majority of Turks voted for change,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/armenianweekly.com\/?s=amberin+zaman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amberin Zaman<\/a>, the Turkey correspondent for the Economist.<\/p>\n<p>But with victory comes responsibility\u2014or at least the loss of excuses to escape from it. \u201cThe onus is now on AKP to make those changes. It no longer has the excuse of an obdurate judiciary to hide behind. The true test of AKP\u2019s democratic credentials is now before us,\u201d explained Zaman.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armenianweekly.com\/?s=taner+akcam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Taner Akcam<\/a>, assistant professor of history at Clark University, agreed. \u201cThis is one of the important steps in Turkey\u2019s democratization process and facing history. My hope is that the government upholds its promise for a totally new constitution, and its promises related to the Kurdish issue. They don\u2019t have excuses anymore.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>A message to all<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Baskin Oran, professor of political science at Ankara University, believes the result of the referendum is a message to all. The message to the People\u2019s Republican Party (CHP) and the military is \u201cto recognize the rights of the oppressed and the marginalized, instead of acting as champion of the nationalist civilian\/military bureaucracy and of the educated petty bourgeoisie.\u201d The message to the National Movement Party (MHP) is similar. It will \u201cget nowhere by betting on nationalism from now on,\u201d said Oran.<\/p>\n<p>The days when the judiciary controlled the state are gone, he went on. The higher judiciary \u201cmust quit trying to replace the Executive and the Legislative through the wrong interpretation and also the repudiation of the laws, Constitution, and international treaties.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Oran warns AKP to follow through with its promises, \u201cbecause if it fails, the tide will definitely turn against it.\u201d According to him, Turkey\u2019s Pro-Kurdish Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), which had called to boycott the referendum, \u201cwill get nowhere as long as it remains a Kurdish party. It has to become a \u2018Turkey party\u2019 by distancing itself from the PKK [the militant Workers\u2019 Party of Kurdistan] and by defending the rights of all the oppressed and marginalized.\u201d He criticized the left, too, for being \u201cextremely split\u2026with many voting \u2018no\u2019 just for the sake of voting against \u2018Islamist\u2019 AKP.\u201d He adds, \u201cThey think they are leftists, but they are Ittihadists, \u2018Revolution-from-Above\u2019-ists, nationalists, and laicists.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>If you ignore the Kurds\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>President Obama <a href=\"https:\/\/armenianweekly.com\/2010\/09\/12\/turkey-votes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hailed<\/a> the \u201cvibrancy of Turkish democracy as reflected in the turnout for the referendum that took place across Turkey,\u201d announced the White House on Sept. 12. The situation on the ground was\u2014to put it mildly\u2014a little different. Most voters in the densely Kurdish-populated provinces upheld BDP\u2019s call to boycott the referendum.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armenianweekly.com\/?s=bilgin+ayata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bilgin Ayata<\/a>, whose Ph.D. dissertation at Johns Hopkins University examines the displacement of Kurds in Turkey, has a different assessment of the Kurdish situation than Oran. \u201cAn entire region in Turkey boycotted the vote. Such an outcome is hardly a victory for AKP or its main opponent, the CHP. The only party that could take out a victory from Sunday\u2019s referendum is the BDP.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ayata explained that the call to boycott was based on the fact that the proposed constitutional changes \u201cdid not touch upon key undemocratic elements, such as the 10 percent threshold for parties during elections,\u201d and neglected Kurdish demands, including the recognition of Kurdish identity by the constitution.<\/p>\n<p>Ayata considers the proposed constitutional changes to be contradictory. \u201cEven though Prime Minister Erdogan presented them as a break from Turkey\u2019s military legacy, this was hardly the case. The proposed changes related only to a few elements of the undemocratic constitution and were rather contradictory: Some changes were indeed introducing more democracy, while others curbing existing rights,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNearly two-thirds of the population in southeast Turkey followed this call for boycott. In Hakkari, for example, the participation was less than 10 percent. Such a boycott coming from the region that suffered the most from the military legacy in Turkey in the past decades is rather telling. It sends a clear signal to Ankara: If you ignore the Kurds, the Kurds will ignore you.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lesser of two evils<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Istanbul-based human rights activist and Armenian Weekly columnist <a href=\"https:\/\/armenianweekly.com\/?s=ayse+gunaysu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ayse Gunaysu<\/a> was one of those who boycotted the vote\u2014in part to express solidarity with the Kurds. \u201cI boycotted the referendum to support the Kurdish position, to protest against the AKP government, and to express my conviction that the solution of the problems rested not with the constitutional changes offered, but elsewhere,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>However, according to Gunaysu a \u201cyes\u201d vote was the lesser of two evils. \u201cI knew that I would feel better if \u2018yes\u2019 votes won, and would feel defeated if \u2018no\u2019 votes prevailed. After all, nationalists on the left and right opted for \u2018no.\u2019 However, the \u2018yes\u2019 front included not only those who are opposed to Turkish military\u2019s domination, but also\u2014for example\u2014the soul mates of the violent Sunni Islamic mobs who resorted to violence against Alevis during a cultural festival in 1993, burning down a hotel, and causing the death of 37 Alevi intellectuals. So once again I found myself\u2014like many others\u2014in a position to choose between the lesser of two evils, while the \u2018good\u2019 is nowhere in sight.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/armenianweekly.com\/2010\/09\/15\/decoding-turkeys-yes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Armenian Weekly<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Journalists, political analysts, historians, and activists discuss the implications of the vote with the Armenian Weekly.\u00a0 On Sept. 12, Turkey voted in favor of constitutional amendments that could usher in an array of reforms and further curb the influence of the military. The 58 percent \u201cyes\u201d vote was touted as a victory for Prime Minister [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5582,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[96],"class_list":["post-5581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interviews","tag-96"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mouradian: Decoding Turkey\u2019s \u2018Yes\u2019 to Constitutional Amendments - Bask\u0131n Oran<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/baskinoran.com\/en\/mouradian-decoding-turkeys-yes-to-constitutional-amendments\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mouradian: Decoding Turkey\u2019s \u2018Yes\u2019 to Constitutional Amendments - Bask\u0131n Oran\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Journalists, political analysts, historians, and activists discuss the implications of the vote with the Armenian Weekly.\u00a0 On Sept. 12, Turkey voted in favor of constitutional amendments that could usher in an array of reforms and further curb the influence of the military. 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